Mary Angelina Peet – a Rare Champion and Willing Worker for Every Deserving Cause
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Mrs. M.A. (Mary Angelina) Peet (nee Bonner) was born in England in 1873. She emigrated to Western Australia in 1910 at the age of 37, together with her husband, Benjamin Horace (also 37), and their two sons William Percival (13) and Horace Alfred (11).
The Peet family were among a group of 95 immigrants who arrived in Fremantle from the London on the SS Ormuz. Benjamin is listed as ‘farmer’ on the passenger list. Upon arrival in WA, he took up farming in 1911 on a property opposite the original Ardingly siding.
Ardingly was not only a rail siding. At its peak as it was also home to a Cooperative Bulk Handling (CBH) installation for many years.
This site is approximately 12 kilometers west of Mullewa on the Geraldton/Mt. Magnet Highway and at the junction of Ardingly South Road.
Mrs. Peet was an enthusiastic and generous supporter of worthy causes in both Mullewa and Tenindewa. In 1915 she became the first secretary of the Mullewa Branch of the Primary Producers Association in which she demonstrated considerable organizing ability, both socially and politically. She was an excellent pianist, bringing her piano out from England in 1910, and she regularly played dance music at social functions throughout the Mullewa district and in fact was the musical backbone of the social activities in Tenindewa for the duration of her time in the district.
Mary Angelina was also, as a consequence of the membership of her husband Benjamin Horace, a great supporter of the Mullewa Lodge. This, as it turns out, is in fact an abbreviated title of this said organization as clearly, going on the newspaper reports of her day, it was referred to under its more formal and historic title of The Loyal Mullewa Lodge of Oddfellows
There was also a sister branch known as the Loyal Tenindewa Lodge of M.U.O.F.S.
In 1923 Mrs. Peet hosted the Governor of WA, Sir Francis Newdegate, and his official party, for afternoon tea at the Peet farm. The Governor visited several Tenindewa farms to get an idea of the important agricultural resources of the district.
Crops had been grown for hay but the first crop for grain in the Mullewa District was grown by Mr. Leedham Walker, just west of Mullewa and adjacent to the Mingenew Road and Mullewa-Geraldton Road junction in about 1902-1903. Land around Tenindewa was selected in 1904. And at Ardingly land known as State Forrest was allocated to settlers, Thomas, Grosser, Cooper, Peet and Gee.
Most of these “Settlers” would have been financed by the I.A.B. (Industries-Assistance-Board) This instrumentality eventually became the Rural and Industries-Bank (R & I Bank) which then became Bank-West and finally, today it is the Commonwealth-Bank
Mary Angelina was a frequent contributor to local newspapers including the Geraldton Guardian and Mullewa Mail. These contributions helped build the profile of the Mullewa district. She was closely connected with work to establish the Mullewa Agricultural Hall, St Andrew’s Anglican Church and Mullewa Public Hospital Fund.
Geraldton Guardian
8 July 1919
MULLEWA NEWS.
(From Our Own Correspondent)
With a keen eye to business, the Anglican Committee took the opportunity of holding a euchre party the previous night, in aid of the building fund, which proved a great success, both financially and otherwise. The winners were Mrs. Bowtell and Mr. Allander while Mrs. Browning and Mr. Gallagher were awarded the booby prizes. After the card playing was finished a dainty supper was served followed by an enjoyable little dance, the music for which was supplied by Mrs. Peet, and Mr. Raafe.
Possibly in the 1930s
She had a strong social conscience and in 1923 wrote a letter to Yalgoo Observer and Murchison Chronicle (6 December) to set up an appeal to raise money for Jim Whitehurst and his family. Jim had become unfit for work and was unable to support his wife and five young children.
She was an ardent supporter of the Devil’s Creek sporting bodies.
In 1927 Mrs. Peet retired to Perth, after 17 years living on the farm at Ardingly. The farm was then managed by their son, Horace.
Yalgoo Observer and Murchison Chronicle
28 June 1923
General News.
Whilst ploughing near the homestead at Ardingly on Monday afternoon the 18th, Horace A. Peet heard a bullet whizz by him, he stood up on the foot board of the plow to look in the direction of the shot, when a second bullet shattered part of the iron seat on which he had just been sitting, this should be a warning to users of .303 rifles who come out into the country bent on sport, and is yet another instance of a tragedy happily averted.
Mrs. Peet died of cancer in 1929 at the age of 55 and is buried in Karrakatta Cemetery.
In her obituary in the Geraldton Guardian (10 May 1929), she is described as ‘a lovable and energetic personality’. She must have been highly regarded for her contribution to the local community as the Mullewa Magnet and Perenjori-Morawa Advertiser (18 May 1929) reported that: ‘Quite a gloom was cast over the whole district when it learned that Mrs. M.A Peet had passed away… Her untimely demise robbed Mullewa of a rare champion and willing worker for every deserving cause’.
Mullewa Magnet and Perenjori-Morawa Advertiser
18 May 1929
Obituary.
Vale the LATE MRS M. A. PEET.
Quite a gloom was cast over the whole district when it was learned on Wednesday morning, 8th inst., that Mrs. M. A. Peet, late of Ardingly, had passed away at the Warerley Hospital, Perth, the previous night.
The sad demise was not altogether unexpected as the late lady had not been enjoying good health for some time and her admission to hospital had caused her large circle of intimate friends’ sincere regret and anxiety and many messages of sympathy had been sent.
The funeral took place on the 9th inst, the remains being interred in the Anglican portion of the Karrakatta. cemetery. The pallbearers were Messrs. G Valentine, Roberts, Leach, Ramm. Taylor, Bouyd and Flannigan. There was present at the graveside: Mr. H. B, Peet and his two sons (chief mourners), Mrs. Kelly, ,Mrs. Arnold, Mrs. Brown, Miss Langford, Mrs. Finlayson, Mrs. Watson. Mesdames and Messrs. Jones, I. Taylor, T. Taylor and Flannigan, Miss Roberts and Messrs. Oxenham and Wearne.
Floreal tributes were numerous, including magnificent wreaths from the Women of the Primary Producers’ Association and Mr. Peet’s Fellow Officers of the Accounts Branch, G.P. O. Perth.
Geraldton Express
24 January 1913
Mullewa.
(From Our Own Correspondent)
The Mullewa District Farmers’ Association met again in the Agricultural Hall on Saturday night last, the newly elected President, Mr. Norman Fry presided in the chair. Two new members were elected, viz. Messrs. E M. Gill and Puckle. A number of subjects arising out of correspondence from the Executive of the Farmers’ and Settlers’ Association of W.A., were dealt with. A pro forma agenda paper, containing a list of the subjects to be discussed at the conference, to be held in Perth on Wednesday, 12th of March next, was received. It was decided in view of the small attendance to have people forwarded to each member bet before next, meeting to enable them to come prepared to discuss the various subjects so that, the delegated who will represent the Mullewa branch at the conference might be authorized how to act. An intimation was received from the executive to the effect that an opportunity, now offered to make, a trial shipment of wheat in bulk through the Producers’ Union, who undertook to make advances extent of 2/6 per bushel in cases of urgency. It was decided to advise the Executive that the information had come too late to be of any use to farmers at this centre. The Department of Agriculture, and Industries wrote asking the co-operation of the Association in competition with the proposed competition in wheat exhibits at the next Royal Agricultural Show. The Association was asked to take steps to enlist the sympathies of wheat growers in the district and to forward a list of names of those who would take part in the competition. The President suggested the advisableness of drawing up a syllabus of subjects for debate at future meetings, and the idea being supported by several members it was resolved that a syllabus be drawn up at the next meeting of the Association.
Geraldton Express
30th September 1914
Mullewa News
(From Our Own Correspondent)
Visitors to Geraldton are impressed with the precautionary measures taken by the Defense Department for the protection of Geraldton, and express surprise that the coal is not removed from Narngalu back to the Port, where ample protection is now provided by such modern guns. The Travelling public from Geraldton to the goldfields who have to leave Geraldton at sharp 7 a.m. by train complain of the short stay at Narngulu for refreshments, it being too early to procure refreshments at Geraldton. The train only stops three minutes at Narngulu and up to three -quarters of an hour at unimportant, sidings.
Matty Wing, licensee of the Railway Hotel, Mullewa returned from Perth on Wednesday last, looking well. The Y.A.L. boys visit in Mullewa on 25th and leaving on 28th. During their stay they gave two successful concerts to full houses, residents of Mullewa being given a treat listening to the band. Several residents kindly accommodated the boys. Invitations are out for the wedding of Miss Annie Warren, eldest daughter of Mr. D. Warren. J.P. who is io be married to Mr. Tiller, of Mullewa. Best wishes to them. The Wongan Hills to Mullewa section, is nearing completion. During the next week the ballast pit men, camels etc. will be brought into Mullewa, and a ballast pit opened half a mile from the Post Office for the completion of the ballasting at the Mullewa end where the works in connection with the station yards are in progress. Harry Williams with a gang of fifty men are making as much row as the European war blasting. Mr. Fred Marsden, our popular assistant station master received notice of his transfer from Mullewa and left by Friday’s train for Perth on account of a reduction in the staff at the station. He is going on holidays first, and then probably on the relieving staff.
Mr. Vic Baneraz, the local butcher, while riding through the bush, disturbed a dingo bitch. On examination he discovered eight dingo pups about three weeks old and destroyed them. This will be good news to sheep owners in this district who have had considerable trouble of late with these pests.
Several of our local lads left Mullewa per goods train for Geraldton to offer their services for the war.
A large number of residents cheered them as the train left. Large quantities of machinery supplied from the Government Implement Works are to be seen along the Wongan Hills to Mullewa railway in the farming centres.
The Farmers’ and Settlers’ Association are holding their annual picnic on Wednesday, (fifth inst) followed by a dance in the evening.
Geraldton Guardian
8 July 1919
MULLEWA NEWS.
(From Our Own Correspondent)
Mullewa assumed quite a busy appearance on Tuesday, July 1st, owing to the large number of people who journeyed from all directions to attend the stock sale, which was the largest had here for some time. Over 2000 sheep, and about 250 head of Cattle were offered. Sheep sold readily 23 at shillings, while cattle also brought high prices, and being disposed of very quickly.
With a keen eye to business, the Anglican Committee took the opportunity of holding a euchre party the previous night, in aid of the building fund, which proved a great success, both financially and otherwise. The winners were Mrs. Bowtell and Mr. Allander while Mrs. Browning and Mr. Gallagher were awarded the booby prizes. After the card playing was finished a dainty supper was served followed by an enjoyable little dance, the music for which was supplied by Mrs. Peet, and Mr. Raafe.
There was a record attendance at the ambulance dance on Saturday right, which proved to be the most successful of its kind yet held. Many people are of the opinion that the Ambulance should spread its wings and evolve itself into a local hospital. Such a movement would undoubtedly meet with universal approval and assistance, as we are very badly placed here for medical attention when needed. In the event of an outbreak of pneumonia or influenza in this town the Roads Board have been successful in obtaining Mr. Robert’s homestead as an isolation hospital and have made whatever other arrangements possible.
On Saturday Drover Danks left here for Mingenew, in charge of 2000 sheep from Nannine.
On Sunday afternoon the Town and Country football teams met at Ardingly. This being considered a better ground, besides being more central for most of the players and an interesting game followed, resulting in an easy win for the Country team. Although the sky beckoned rain all day, quits a crowd of people arrived to witness the game, coming by all conveyances, including motors, lorries, drays, and bicycles. In short, the only vehicle missing was the friendly perambulator. Many thanks are due to the ladies who supervised afternoon tea, which feature made the meeting almost as good as a picnic. Perhaps the best players on the winning side were Jim Loughnan, who seemed to have a mortgage on the ball, being ably assisted by Browning, Meadowcroft, Bowen, and Mackay; while Gallagher, Watson, Battenbury, and Cunningham put in very good work for the losers. Mr. McGowan acted as central umpire, and Mr. Fraigne as boundary umpire. At the conclusion of the match three hearty cheers were given for each side respectively; also, one for the umpires, and last but not least for the lady barrackers, some of whom displayed great enthusiasm during the game. The scores were as follows: Country 25 points; Mullewa 10 points.
Among the passengers to Perth by Friday’s train was Mrs. Leaver, who was accompanied by her daughter, is going to the port to meet her husband, Private C Leaver, who has been on active service over three years, and is now returning among numerous other heroes by the Somali. Master J. McGowan also left Mullewa on Friday. He applied some time ago for a position on the Railway, and having been successful, is now stationed at Northam. The footballers will miss this bright and promising young player and will wish him success in his new career.
The country is assuming a very healthy appearance now, and feed is coming plentiful, which is a boon now that dry fodder is such a high price. The farmers having finished seeding are rejoicing the nice light showers of rain ‘which have fallen these last few days, the total for the week being 14 points; while the steady rain which starred on Sunday night resulted in 118 points up to 11 am yesterday, when there was no sign of the weather breaking.
14th June 1921
Tenindewa Notes
From our own Correspondent
Last Saturday evening a social and dance, to raise funds for the newly formed tennis club took place here. Quite a nice crowd came along, and till the early hours of the morning enjoyed themselves immensely. The waltzing competition brought out half a dozen couples, and as it was the hat trick, no one seems to know who really did win.
Mrs. Peet and Mrs. Davis filled the position as pianists nicely. Mr. Peet presented the club with a silver mounted cigarette holder and gold broach. This brought in a tidy sum.
The bachelors are talking of giving a dance shortly, and from what I can gather, the ladies are in for a gay time.
October 25th, 1921
Geraldton Guardian
Tenindewa News
(From an occasional Correspondent)
The annual Spinsters’ Ball which was held on Saturday evening was a huge success. The hall was daintily decorated with wildflowers, and the floor was in excellent condition. Under the directions of Mr. Napier, M.C., everything went well with a lively swing. The programme and arrangements were all carried out by the Spinsters, and every-body seemed to thoroughly enjoy themselves. The music, which was supplied by Mesdames Peet, and Davis and Mr. Gibson, was everything that could be desired, and the following musical items were greatly appreciated; –Mrs. Davis “A Tear a Kiss a Smile”; Mr. Peet, “Every Little While” and encored–“You Know What I Mean”; Miss McIntyre, “Furnished Room to Let”; Mr. J. Stone, song and dance.
A very dainty supper was supplied by the ladies, and the men thoroughly enjoyed the cakes and being waited on. Needless to remark, they did justice the supper. The only hitch in the evening was the shyness of a lot of the young bachelors in the early part of the evening, but I’m glad to say they overcame their weakness, and kept the ladies dancing, with the result that the floor was very nicely filled. The usual thanks were given and nicely responded to, and great credit is due to Mrs. Cameron, the spinster’s secretary, and the committee. Some very pretty dresses were worn, amongst them being Miss Brinkley [sic], ivory lace; Miss E, Palmer, pink silk; Miss N. Palmer, pale blue crepe de chene; Miss N. Napier, pale blue silk; Miss O. Stone, Floral silk; Miss I. Stafford, pale silk georgette; Miss D. Stafford, Lemon ninon; Miss G. Napier, floral Togo; Miss Jessie Cameron, deep cream georgette; Miss J. Eves, pale pink crepe de chene; Mrs. Shaw, sand taffeta; Mrs. Townsend, floral lace; Mrs. Napier, white silk; Mrs. C.J. Stafford, apricot ninon; Mrs. Peet, floral ninon; Mrs. Davis, crem crepe de chene; Mrs. Dunkin, white silk; Mrs. Oldham, white silk and lace; Mrs. Palmer, grey crepe de chene; Mrs. Natrass, saxe blue crepe de chene; and Mrs. Smith, cream net.
Geraldton Guardian
20th April 1923,
TENINDEWA Notes.
(From Our Correspondent)
In spite of adverse circumstances, the sendoff to Mr. and Mrs. Tom Davis was a great success. If many more farewells are given, our Agricultural Hall will have to be built, as the present little was strained to its utmost capacity. Songs, recitations and dancing were the order of the evening. The star item, exclusive of the good singing of Mrs. Davis, was Mr. Frank Broderick’s recitation. Some class as a reciter is “Broddie”. Though I have publicly thanked ladies and gentlemen for assisting at this function, I must specialize the pianist for the evening, Mrs. H. Peet. This lady lives over five miles from here, and, though her son’s motor was recently burnt and her riding hack severely injured, she, like a good sport, hired a car from Mullewa rather than disappoint Tenindewa people. That is the spirit; nothing in the shape of meanness nor selfishness in the disposition of Mrs. Peet. There is only one thing about, this lady that I am sorry for—she is the energetic secretary for the Country Party in this district……………………
Sunday Times
22 July 1923
The Tenindewa Hall was brilliantly decorated on the 7th inst. for the holding of a most successful social gathering and dance in aid of the hall and piano funds. Much interest was centered in a waltzing competition, which was decided by votes of the company, resulting in Miss Ollie Stone and Mr. E. Driscoll being declared the winners. The lucky winners of the “Spot Waltz” were Mrs. Martin and Mr. E. Driscoll. In presenting the prizes to the successful couples. Mr. Boniface made an announcement to the effect that in the near future a gold medal valued at five guineas would be offered for |another waltzing competition. Mr. N. Rumble was an efficient M.C., and Mrs. H. B. Peet [Mary Angelina] kindly provided excellent music.
The serving of supper concluded one of the most successful functions held for some time.
Geraldton Guardian
6 October 1923
Mullewa News
(From Our Own Correspondent)
The Loyal Mullewa Lodge of Oddfellows held their fortnightly meeting on Tuesday evening. The N.G., Bro. F. A. Pike occupied the chair. After the usual business had been transacted a valedictory social was held in honour of the financial secretary, Bro. W. Carson, before his departure from our midst. Bro. Pike voiced the feelings of the brethren, in proposing the health of Bro. Carson. He greatly regretted his impending departure, both as a citizen and as the secretary of the lodge. As a citizen he had taken a great interest in the town’s advancement, and his place would be hard to fill.
As the first secretary of the lodge, he had put a lot of work into it, so as to place it on a sound footing. A lot of credit for the satisfactory position of the lodge was due to Bro. Carson. He wished Bro. Carson and Mrs. Carson and family good health and prosperity in their future home. Bros. Peet, Bedford, V.G., W. H. Stokes, of the Loyal Tenindewa Lodge, and Mr. Langsford, also spoke to the toast, which was drunk with musical honours. Bro. Carson, in reply, very much regretted severing his connection with the lodge, especially as there was no Oddfellows Lodge at present at Northam. He would though, always take an interest in the Mullewa Lodge. He thanked those brethren who made eulogistic references to his efforts as first secretary of the lodge. Harmony was contributed to by several of the brethren. It is surprising the number of performers the lodge possesses, and quite an enjoyable evening was spent. I think the Oddfellows could hold their own against all comers in the musical line judging by the talent unearthed at this gathering.
Geraldton Guardian
7 August 1924
TENINDEWA ODDFELLOWS’ BALL
(From a Correspondent)
August 4. On Saturday, August 2, 1924, the Loyal Tenindewa Lodge of M.U.O.F.S. held its first annual social and dance at the local hall The function was largely attended; over 40 persons coming from Mullewa, besides a large local attendance. To Messrs. Peet and Drummond, of Mullewa, the lodge wishes to express its thanks for placing their cars at the disposal of those who had no other mode of conveyance; also, to Mrs. Peet, of Ardingly, who supplied the music, and to Mesdames Eves and Kember for attending to the refreshments. Several brethren from the Loyal Mullewa Lodge attended and were welcomed by the N.G. (Bro. Kember), Tenindewa. Bros. Shepheard, and Drummond, Mullewa, responded. Several songs and recitations wore supplied by Messrs. Shepheard, McDougal, Rudd, and Hiljallon. Midnight came too soon. Everyone felt sorry the dance was over, and expressed a wish that the local lodge would hold one every three months instead of annually.
August 23rd, 1923
Geraldton Guardian
Tenindewa Notes
(From an Occasional Correspondent)
There was a great gathering in the Tenindewa Hall on Saturday evening, August 11th, the occasion being a fancy-dress ball, in aid of the Hall and Piano fund, and a most enjoyable evening was spent. Mr. George Eves was the M.C., whilst the music was supplied by Miss Maloney. The Grand March showing some very attractive costumes, several prizes being afterwards presented to the winners of the best fancy dresses, ladies and gentlemen. these were Miss Eileen Palmer (gypsy), and Mr. Cyril Eves (jazz pierrette). The prize for the best dressed girl went to Miss Esme Stafford (daffodil) and the boys prize to Master W. Stafford (swaggie). During the evening songs were rendered by Messrs., Brodrick, Griffiths, Palmer, and Kember, which were much appreciated. A dainty supper was afterwards served. The committee have every reason to be pleased with the success of their efforts, and thanks are “especially” due to the ladies of the committee, Mesdames Eves, Palmer, Rumble, Oldham, Dunkin, and others. The following is a list of the costumes worn;- Mrs C. J. Stafford, pierrette; Mrs. M. Kember, Queen of Clubs, Miss, E. Robertson, folly; Miss E. Palmer, gypsy; Miss C. Maloney, “Tommy Atkins” Miss Esme Stafford, daffodil; Miss T. Martin, Japanese girls; Miss E. Shaw, cornflower; Miss Elsie Stafford, spring; Mr. J. Boniface, “Eve, 1923”; Mr. M. Kember, clown; Miss G. Maloney, clown; Mr. W. Griffiths, “Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch”; Master E. Shaw, highwayman; Master R. Martin, black and white; Master A. Shaw, Red Indian; Master W. Stafford, swaggie; Plain costumes: Mrs. Eves, Silver net over gold satin; Miss D. Roberts, Black crepe de chene with nett overdress; Mrs. Martin, silver grey voile, inlet with silk embroidery; Miss Stone, floral voile relieved with organdy; Mrs. Peet, electric blue silk organdy, with girdle; Miss Cameron, palest pink charmouse satin; Miss Edwards, cream georgette silk embroidered with jet beads; Miss Robinson, black net over silk; Mrs. H. Stokes, cream silk; Miss Butler, black voile and silk.
Geraldton Guardian
September 20th, 1923
Tenindewa Notes
(From an occasional Correspondent)
A most successful social and dance was held in the Tenindewa Hall on Saturday evening, September 8th, in aid of the hall and piano fund. As the night was rather chilly Mr. N. Rumble, M.C., kept the music going. Mrs. H. B. Peet presided at the piano in her usual efficient manner. During the evening songs were rendered by Miss Robertson and Messrs. Butler, Griffiths and Kember. A very dainty supper was provided, and a thoroughly enjoyably time was spent until the small hours. A freak ball, also a sports gathering, are to be held at later dates, to help along the above fund.
Geraldton Guardian
10th October 1923
Tenindewa Notes
(From our Correspondent)
There may have been, but I have never seen a better Shivoo in Tenindewa than the one given by the Oddfellows last Saturday night. The hall was packed to suffocation with carload after carload reeling down from Mullewa and Devils Creek laden with passengers and arriving hourly. Mrs. Eves was ably assisted by Miss E. Palmer in catering for the pleasure of all. That good lady, Mrs. H. Peet had a great helpmate when providing the music in the person of Mr. Pike.…………………………..
Geraldton Guardian
10 December 1923
Tenindewa Notes
(From our Correspondent)
Concerts and socials are regularly held here, for we have not paid for our piano. Mr. Glen Maloney handled the last one, and showed a good profit. Mrs. Eves, as usual, helped all she could. Miss McGuinness from Devil’s Creek, and Mr. Frank Butler, Bindu, gave Mrs. Peet breathing time by helping her provide the music for the dancing.
November 11th, 1924
Geraldton Express
Tenindewa Notes
(From our own Correspondent)
A successful dance was held in the Tenindewa Hall on Saturday evening last. Visitors from Mullewa, Ardingly, Bindu, and Indarra motored over, and an enjoyable time was spent. The balloon waltz caused much fun and excitement, the winning couple being, Mr. W Keeffe and Miss Rita O’Connor. Dancing went with a decided swing to music supplied by our Ardingly musician (Mrs. Peet) and the Misses R O’Connor and Kidd. Mr. W Keeffe acted as M.C. After supper music was continued, and it was an early hour before the party broke up. Great credit to Mrs. Eves and committee for the arrangements…………………………..
Geraldton Guardian
Tenindewa Notes
June 11th, 1925
(From Our Own Correspondent)
A euchre party and dance was held in the Tenindewa Hall on, Saturday night which was well attended and an enjoyable time spent. Vocal items were contributed by Messrs. Griffith and Allanson; the music being supplies by Miss M. McGuinness and Miss M. Silverloch. Mr. N. Rumble was the capable M.C. After supper a presentation was made to Mr. Horace Peet of a traveling case from the residents of the district, on his approaching marriage. Mr. Peet suitably thanked them for their kind gift. After the singing “For They Are Jolly Good Fellows” dancing was resumed and continued until a late hour.
Thanks to Margeret Moorehead (nee Peet) and Helen (Craig) Moorehead for this Mary Angelina Peet contribution